Effectiveness of Community Health Worker Delivered Interventions on Non-communicable Disease Risk and Health Outcomes in India: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15566/cjgh.v7i5.439Keywords:
Public Health, Systematic Review, Non-Communicable Diseases, Community Health Workers, IndiaAbstract
Background and Aims: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for 61% of deaths in India. This review focuses on Community Health Workers’ (CHW) effectiveness in preventing and managing NCDs in India which could help direct future research and government policy.
Methods: A search of PubMed, Ovid, Embase and CINAHL using terms related to “community health workers” and “India” was used to find articles that quantitatively measured the effect of CHW delivered interventions on NCD risk and health outcomes.
Results: CHW interventions are associated with improved health outcomes, metabolic parameters, and lifestyle risk factors in diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and oral cancer. Current literature on CHW interventions for NCDs in India is limited in number of studies and the scope of NCDs covered.
Conclusion: There is weak to moderate evidence that CHWs can improve NCD health outcomes in India.
References
Islam SMS, Purnat TD, Phuong NTA, Mwingira U, Schacht K, Fröschl G. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in developing countries: a symposium report. Global Health. 2014;10:81. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-014-0081-9
Miranda JJ, Kinra S, Casas JP, Davey Smith G, Ebrahim S. Non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: context, determinants and health policy. Trop Med Int Health. 2008;13(10):1225-34. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02116.x
Murray CJL, Vos T, Lozano R, Naghavi M, Flaxman AD, Michaud C, et al. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380(9859):2197-223. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4
National Rural Health Mission. Induction training module for ASHAs 2014 [cited 2019 July 03]. Available from: http://nhm.gov.in/images/pdf/communitisation/asha/ASHA_Induction_Module_English.pdf
Patel V, Chatterji S, Chisholm D, Ebrahim S, Gopalakrishna G, Mathers C, et al. Chronic diseases and injuries in India. The Lancet. 2011;377(9763):413-28. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61188-9
Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(5):1047-53. http://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.5.1047
Rao KD, Bhatnagar A, Berman P. So many, yet few: human resources for health in India. Hum Resour Health. 2012;10:19. http://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-10-19
Lewin S, Munabi-Babigumira S, Glenton C, Daniels K, Bosch-Capblanch X, van Wyk BE, et al. Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010(3):CD004015. http://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004015.pub3
Joshi R, Alim M, Kengne AP, Jan S, Maulik PK, Peiris D, et al. Task shifting for non-communicable disease management in low- and middle-income countries—a systematic review. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(8):e103754. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103754
Palmas W, March D, Darakjy S, Findley SE, Teresi J, Carrasquillo O, et al. Community health worker interventions to improve glycemic control in people with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2015;30(7):1004-12. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-015-3247-0
Taylor-Ide D, Taylor CE. Ding Xian: the first example of community-based development. In: Just and lasting change: when communities own their futures. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press in Association with Future Generations; 2002:93–101.
Perry HB. A brief history of community health worker programs. In: Kirch W, ed. Encyclopedia of public health. Berlin: Springer; 2013. p. 1-12.
Segall, M. District health systems in a neoliberal world: a review of five key policy areas. Int J Health Plan Manage. 2003;18(S1): S5-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.719
Rohde J, Cousens S, Chopra M, Tangcharoensathien V, Black R, Bhutta Z, et al. 30 years after Alma-Ata: has primary health care worked in countries? Lancet. 2008;372(9642):950–961. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61405-1
Lehmann U, Sanders D. Community health workers: what do we know about them? : World Health Organization; 2007 [cited 2019 July 03]. Available from: http://www.who.int/hrh/documents/community_health_workers.pdf
National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development. Handbook for Anganwadi workers 2006 [cited 2019 July 03]. Available from: http://nipccd.nic.in/syllabi/eaw.pdf
Srivastava A, Bhattacharyya S, Gautham M, Schellenberg J, Avan BI. Linkages between public and non-government sectors in healthcare: a case study from Uttar Pradesh, India. Glob Public Health. 2016;11(10):1216-30. http://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2016.1144777
National Health Mission - Government of India. National action plan and monitoring framework: Ministry of Health & Welfare, Government of India; 2013 [cited 2019 July 03]. Available from: http://nhm.gov.in/images/pdf/National_Action_Plan_and_Monitoring_Framework.pdf
Van Bavel J. The world population explosion: causes, backgrounds and -projections for the future. Facts Views Vis Obgyn. 2013;5(4):281-91.
Perry HB, Zulliger R, Rogers MM. Community health workers in low-, middle-, and high-income countries: an overview of their history, recent evolution, and current effectiveness. Annu Rev Public Health. 2014;35:399-421. http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182354
Tsolekile LP, Abrahams-Gessel S, Puoane T. Healthcare professional shortage and task-shifting to prevent cardiovascular disease: implications for low- and middle-income countries. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2015;17(12):115. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-015-0672-y
World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases: WHO; 2017 [cited 2019 July 03]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs355/en/
Downs SH, Black N. The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1998;52(6):377-84. http://doi.org/10.1136/jech.52.6.377
Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D, Group C. CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. Int J Surg. 2011;9(8):672-7. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2011.09.004
Des Jarlais DC, Lyles C, Crepaz N, Group T. Improving the reporting quality of nonrandomized evaluations of behavioral and public health interventions: the TREND statement. Am J Public Health. 2004;94(3):361-6. http://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.94.3.361
Tian M, Ajay VS, Dunzhu D, Hameed SS, Li X, Liu Z, et al. A cluster-randomized, controlled trial of a simplified multifaceted management program for individuals at high cardiovascular risk (SimCard Trial) in rural Tibet, China, and Haryana, India. Circulation. 2015;132(9):815-24. http://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.015373
Xavier D, Gupta R, Kamath D, Sigamani A, Devereaux PJ, George N, et al. Community health worker-based intervention for adherence to drugs and lifestyle change after acute coronary syndrome: a multicentre, open, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016;4(3):244-53. http://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00480-5
Sharma KK, Gupta R, Mathur M, Natani V, Lodha S, Roy S, et al. Non-physician health workers for improving adherence to medications and healthy lifestyle following acute coronary syndrome: 24-month follow-up study. Indian Heart J. 2016;68(6):832-40. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2016.03.027
Kar SS, Thakur JS, Jain S, Kumar R. Cardiovascular disease risk management in a primary health care setting of north India. Indian Heart J. 2008;60(1):19-25.
Khetan A, Zullo M, Rani A, Gupta R, Purushothaman R, Bajaj NS, et al. Effect of a community health worker-based approach to integrated cardiovascular risk factor control in India: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Glob Heart. 2019;14(4):355-65. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2019.08.003
Balagopal P, Kamalamma N, Patel TG, Misra R. A community-based diabetes prevention and management education program in a rural village in India. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(6):1097-104. http://doi.org/10.2337/dc07-1680
Balagopal P, Kamalamma N, Patel TG, Misra R. A community-based participatory diabetes prevention and management intervention in rural India using community health workers. Diabetes Educ. 2012;38(6):822-34. http://doi.org/10.1177/0145721712459890
Jain V, Joshi R, Idiculla J, Xavier D. Community health worker interventions in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: assessing the feasibility and effectiveness in rural Central India. J Cardio Disease Research. 2018;9(3):127-33. http://doi.org/10.5530/jcdr.2018.3.29
Sankaranarayanan R, Ramadas K, Thomas G, Muwonge R, Thara S, Mathew B, et al. Effect of screening on oral cancer mortality in Kerala, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;365(9475):1927-33. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66658-5
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Christian Journal for Global Health applies the Creative Commons Attribution License to all articles that we publish. Under this license, authors retain ownership of copyright for their articles or they can transfer copyright to their institution, but authors allow anyone without permission to copy, distribute, transmit, and/or adapt articles, even for commercial purposes so long as the original authors and Christian Journal for Global Health are appropriately cited.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
40.jpg){kind=logo}
.jpg)
1.jpg)
